VERNEUIL 1424

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fogman
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VERNEUIL 1424

Post by fogman »

Fm Verneuil 1424.zip
(6.7 KiB) Downloaded 365 times
Re-designed to current events-based scenario standards.

After the Milanese cavalry had broken through and taken itself out of the main battle, the French (left) wing collapsed quickly and was chased all the way back to Verneuil. Then the victorious English right turned on the Scots who were caught between two fronts. By evening, the Scottish army in France had ceased to exist as a fighting force.

78 mobile BGs, 15 turns

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Fm Verneuil 1424.zip
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The resumption of the Armagnac-Burgundian civil war in 1419 had allowed the English and their Burgundian allies to become master of northern France. The Dauphin had retreated south of the Loire from where he plotted the reconquest with the help of a powerful Scottish contingent and Italian mercenaries. In 1424, the French struck at Normandy. The Duke of Bedford, regent of the English kingdom of France, summoned the Norman ban and met the French at Verneuil on 17 August.

The French had recruited heavy cavalry from Milan whose men-at-arms and horses were covered with the best armour in Europe, making them virtually invulnerable to English arrows. Their charge broke through the English archers line and main battle line. Then they rushed the English baggage train. The scenario commences at this moment.

The main source is Michael K Jones' article 'The Battle of Verneuil: towards a history of courage' in War in History, November 2002, volume 9, issue 4. It is a persuasive rebuttal of the common narrative of the battle of Verneuil.
Last edited by fogman on Fri May 30, 2014 2:17 am, edited 3 times in total.
ZeaBed
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Re: VERNEUIL 1424

Post by ZeaBed »

Thank you fogman. I like the previous FoG version of this battle so I'm very interested in your version. An interesting battle. The Scots' decision to notify the English that there would be no prisoners apparently backfired a bit.
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Re: VERNEUIL 1424

Post by fogman »

Found this:
this is the ballistic test of the longbow against the italian armour at verneuil. the whole documentary can be viewed on youtube (type 'weapons that made britain armour')

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D3997HZuWjk


at verneuil, the english longbow had to face milanese armour and was ineffective, the italians just rode through them. the 'killing zone' of 20 m (which a horseman could cross in matter of seconds anyways) was no longer killing. the difference this time was also that the horses were armoured as well. and gendarmes units of later years would also armour plate the horses. 10 years after agincourt, the longbow was obsolete. In 1429 at Patay, the French heavy cavalry would devastate a line of archers caught in the open (i wonder if the horses were armoured at that date); this time, it was decisive.
ZeaBed
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Re: VERNEUIL 1424

Post by ZeaBed »

The 'barded knights' have have high value points for this reason. At crecy many of the longbow hits were on the French horse. Improved armour and barding eliminated the longbow edge, as you pointed out.
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Re: VERNEUIL 1424

Post by Turk1964 »

An Interesting documentry but have no idea what lb draw was used and timber appears to be Cedar . Arrow shafts were made of Birch or similar hardwood used by Medieval Longbowmen and bows were 110to 130lb draw weight.Modern compound bows are 55lb in comparison but different principle.Not saying the armour couldnt withstand the arrows as it was probably much thicker and different forging process to previous types. I would like to see more statistics from this Documentry .
stockwellpete
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Re: VERNEUIL 1424

Post by stockwellpete »

fogman wrote: 10 years after agincourt, the longbow was obsolete.
I am sorry but this is hopelessly wrong, in my opinion.

First of all, "obsolete" is generally taken to mean - something that is no longer produced or used, something that is out of date.

This is from Wikipedia and I think it is fair . . .

"English use of longbows was effective against the French during the Hundred Years' War, particularly at the start of the war in the battles of Crécy (1346) and Poitiers (1356), and most famously at the Battle of Agincourt (1415). They became less successful after this, with longbowmen taking casualties at the Battle of Verneuil (1424), and being completely routed at the Battle of Patay (1429) when they were charged before they had set up their defensive position . . ."

So there is some agreement with you there about Verneuil (and Patay) but it should be remembered that Milanese armour was the best and most expensive armour available at that time and it was worn by only the richest knights on the battlefield, a relatively small proportion of an army. But then . . .

"More than 130 bows survive from the Renaissance period, however. More than 3,500 arrows and 137 whole longbows were recovered from the Mary Rose, a ship of Henry VIII's navy that sank at Portsmouth in 1545 . . ."

and . . .

"Longbows remained in use until around the 16th century, when advances in firearms made gunpowder weapons a significant factor in warfare and such units as arquebusiers and grenadiers began appearing. Before the English Civil War, a pamphlet by William Neade entitled The Double-Armed Man advocated that soldiers be trained in both the longbow and pike; this advice was followed only by a few town militias. The last recorded use of bows in an English battle seems to have been a skirmish at Bridgnorth, in October 1642, during the Civil War, when an impromptu town militia proved effective against un-armoured musketeers. Longbowmen remained a feature of the Royalist Army, but were not used by the Roundheads."

So, strictly speaking, it could be argued that the longbow did not become obsolete as a battlefield weapon (something that is out of date) until the 17thC. My own view is that it really becomes generally obsolete as a battlefield weapon in the 1590s. This is taken from George Gush (I should point out that his assertion about the role of the longbow at Flodden is not accepted by everyone; some historians have suggested that a statute passed shortly after that battle was intended to address the poor performance of the longbow there). He writes,

"The traditional English weapon; it could still be a battle-winner (Flodden 1513) and up to the 1560s most English 'shot' were still archers, especially on the Border, where the bow was preferred to the heavier and clumsier arquebus. After 1589 archers were dropped from the standard company organisation, and they officially disappeared by the mid-1590s, though there are a few signs of their use in England in the early 17th Century . . ."

"However, the older weapons were gradually supplanted by the new, and in 1558 English companies in Ireland had about 50 each of longbowmen and arquebusiers. A Leicester- shire company of 1584 shows a later stage in the transition, having 80 pikemen and 80 men with firearms, as against 40 billmen and 40 archers. Though Sir John Smith wrote approvingly of this organisation in the 1590s, and recommended the formation illustrated, he was a longbow-enthusiast, and it seems likely that the 1580s saw both the appearance of the musket and the disappearance of the bow from English first-line service. The London Trained Bands dropped the bow in Armada year, and in 1595 it was ruled unacceptable for trained bands 'shot' generally."

http://greatestbattles.iblogger.org/Ren ... nglish.htm
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Re: VERNEUIL 1424

Post by stockwellpete »

Interesting detail about attempts to revive the use of the longbow after the 1595 decision had rendered it obsolete for the English army on the battlefield. The statute issued by Charles I is particularly interesting,

"There was, however, a considerable nostalgic reluctance to give up the weapon and they continued to be used into the 17th century. In East Anglia in the 1620s it was even suggested that a return to longbows might so shock invaders from a larger and better-equipped foreign enemy that it would give the smaller English Trained Bands an edge of surprise!
Locally, in 1627 there were complaints that troops in St John’s, Worcester, were not bringing longbows and arrows to musters or training with them regularly and there were warnings from the Constable that the butts at Holt and Cotheridge were ruinous. The parishioners of Northfield (then in North Worcestershire, now outer Birmingham) were better prepared. In 1620 they spent 4d on repairing the Butts and in 1623 built a new set at a cost of 1s.

In 1628-9 the Statute of Henry VIII requiring archery practice was restored and as late as 1633 Charles I issued an new order for the use of bows in the Trained Bands, with training to be provided by a master bowman. Indeed, a company of pikemen also armed with bows (the ‘double-armed man’) was formed in Herefordshire in 1642. But despite such efforts, the age of the longbow had passed into that of gunpowder and longbows saw little service during the Civil Wars, except in the Scottish army."


http://www.worcestershire.gov.uk/cms/pdf/archery.pdf
fogman
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Re: VERNEUIL 1424

Post by fogman »

well, I hardly meant it was no longer used. not playing with semantics, it was in the wider sense of no longer being able to fulfill its function, namely here of breaking cavalry charges. the panzer III was pretty much 'obsolete' by 1942 but it was still being used well after that, although it was clearly outclassed and had become secondary on the battlefield, no longer being relied on to affect the outcome. this is what happened to the longbow. verneuil was a victory of the men-at-arms although large numbers of longbowmen were present. i can't think of any battle afterwards where the longbow dominate the battlefield, and it was used well after its expiry date only because of nostalgia and the myth that surrounded it, none of that making sound military sense.
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Re: VERNEUIL 1424

Post by stockwellpete »

I do think you have to include the Wars of the Roses though (1455-87) because both Lancastrians and Yorkists deployed longbowmen in very large numbers. The effect was, on many occasions, to cancel each other out, but at Towton 1461 and Tewkesbury 1471, for example, the Yorkists "outshot" the Lancastrians, which gave them an advantage and they then went on to win the battle. If you are talking about a "golden age" of the longbow then certainly Agincourt would be the last major battle to mention it in that context, but the English were still deploying longbowmen in large numbers against the Scots at Pinkie Cleugh as late as 1547. They still retained the capability of causing heavy losses amongst the Scottish foot (who were carrying pikes by then) - and the Scots had always been very weak in cavalry right through the medieval period. The longbow wasn't just about breaking up cavalry charges.
ZeaBed
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Re: VERNEUIL 1424

Post by ZeaBed »

Just played this scenario, fogman. A very entertaining game with great balance. A cliffhanger all the way. :D
fogman
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Re: VERNEUIL 1424

Post by fogman »

stockwellpete wrote:I do think you have to include the Wars of the Roses though (1455-87) because both Lancastrians and Yorkists deployed longbowmen in very large numbers. The effect was, on many occasions, to cancel each other out, but at Towton 1461 and Tewkesbury 1471, for example, the Yorkists "outshot" the Lancastrians, which gave them an advantage and they then went on to win the battle. If you are talking about a "golden age" of the longbow then certainly Agincourt would be the last major battle to mention it in that context, but the English were still deploying longbowmen in large numbers against the Scots at Pinkie Cleugh as late as 1547. They still retained the capability of causing heavy losses amongst the Scottish foot (who were carrying pikes by then) - and the Scots had always been very weak in cavalry right through the medieval period. The longbow wasn't just about breaking up cavalry charges.
the longbow like any other missile weapon is a 'softening' weapon, but what set the longbow apart was its superior performance against heavy cavalry. the 'short' bow of the normans did its job at hastings, and crossbowmen would have done as well against the mass of scottish pikemen (who were rather static compared to their continental counterparts, making them particularly vulnerable to any kind of mass missile fire). in other words, once its edge against heavy cavalry is blunted, there is nothing particularly outstanding about the longbow and crossbowmen could to the job as well. as a matter of fact, francs-archers would completely abandon the longbow in favour of the crossbow (which was already predominant in the first place) in the second half of the 15th century.
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Re: VERNEUIL 1424

Post by fogman »

ZeaBed wrote:Just played this scenario, fogman. A very entertaining game with great balance. A cliffhanger all the way. :D
thanks, it's a nice little slugfest. i was more interested in historical accuracy than play balance but this turned out well.
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Re: VERNEUIL 1424

Post by ZeaBed »

fogman wrote:
ZeaBed wrote:Just played this scenario, fogman. A very entertaining game with great balance. A cliffhanger all the way. :D
thanks, it's a nice little slugfest. i was more interested in historical accuracy than play balance but this turned out well.
It turned out pretty balanced, at least it appeared so in the one game I played. The French suprisingly were able to deal out more losses (particularly when defending) than initially seemed to me to be possible. If they keep cohesion, try to turn the English left (carefully!) and certainly avoid going after the English baggage, they have a better than expected chance imo. But certainly a slugfest, as you noted.
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Re: VERNEUIL 1424

Post by fogman »

well the italian cavalry is supposed to attack the english baggage, that was a house rule. if you allow them to turn around, it's really difficult for the english side.
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Re: VERNEUIL 1424

Post by ZeaBed »

My Italian cavalry apparently did not get the memo. :) But they still managed to make the turn. I realize now that those house rules you mention are applicable to a FoG challenge. The game I played was not one of those. It was ex-FoG, as it were.
Last edited by ZeaBed on Thu May 09, 2013 7:09 pm, edited 1 time in total.
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Re: VERNEUIL 1424

Post by stockwellpete »

I have found this on Verneuil. It is from Peter Reid's "A Brief History of Medieval Warfare: The Rise and Fall of English Supremacy at Arms 1314-1485" (2007) pp256-7 . . .

" . . . but while the English archers were planting their stakes the French suddenly loosed their mounted squadrons at the archers. The French squadron to the west of the road swept the archers away before they were ready and galloped on towards the reserve of archers who drove them off. But the Lombard squadron veered off from the archers on Salisbury's left flank and failed to make proper contact; almost certainly before they had never faced mass archery and they didn't much like the experience. After their failure they galloped on to the baggage lager, which they penetrated. They cut down many of the guard and then looted several baggage wagons before they were driven off by the reserve of archers. Both squadrons took no further part in the battle."

So this is largely at odds with Michael K Jones' article 'The Battle of Verneuil: towards a history of courage' in War in History, November 2002, volume 9, issue 4. I have no idea who is right here, presumably Reid's account represents the orthodoxy and Jones represents the challenge to that orthodoxy. Reid's book was published five years earlier than the article by Jones, but it is possible that both accounts were written within a year or two of each other. At the very least I think we can say that the account of this battle is contested at the moment. No problem with that, as far as I am concerned, and it does allow us to create different versions with the scenario editor.
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Re: VERNEUIL 1424

Post by stockwellpete »

fogman
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Re: VERNEUIL 1424

Post by fogman »

stockwellpete wrote:Also found this . . .

http://finsburymark.org/2ND%20AGINCOURT.pdf
very old text, as evidenced by the sources cited (latest is from 1906) and the archaic language ('betwixt', 'lombardian' etc).
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Re: VERNEUIL 1424

Post by fogman »

it's not difficult to gauge how good a source is. the number 1 criteria is whether all evidences are discussed or there is merely a narrative where everything written is assumed to be true. what makes the michael jones' article superior is in its historiography: primary sources are examined, contradictions are weighed one against the other, and only after going through the different scenarios is a narrative built. one may not always agree with the arguments in favour of some sources vs other sources but the methodology is there for all to see. now the peter reid's book is a plain narrative where the reader takes for granted that everything is true and he has no idea what sources underpin what event in the narrative. the author may still be right but i wouldn't know how. it's why academic sources are full of footnotes because people who question everything read them, and actually tracks down the sources. there was a scandal less than twenty years ago when a fellow (david hamilton-williams) wrote a book on napoleon with references that don't exist.
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Re: VERNEUIL 1424

Post by stockwellpete »

Here is another version of the battle that follows Peter Reid's account of the battle (see above). My thanks to Turk1964 for help with the play-testing . . .

https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/154 ... 20PWv1.zip
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