Free France Campaign

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ColonelY
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Re: Free France Campaign

Post by ColonelY »

About Operation Diadem scenario: 8)

:idea: This Operation must probably be mentioned somewhere: Operation Strangle! ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation ... ld_War_II) )

More info here (it's rather complete - but fortunately there is a summary at the beginning) : https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/p ... 6/R851.pdf

*******

From here one could certainly use few pictures for good and immersive events: :D

https://expressdigest.com/images-show-t ... e-cassino/
Last edited by ColonelY on Sun Mar 28, 2021 5:11 pm, edited 1 time in total.
bru888
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Re: Free France Campaign

Post by bru888 »

That order of battle is too comprehensive in that it includes units from Anzio, the Adriatic coast, and northern Italy. I am culling it down, based on this map from Atkinson's book:

Operation Diadem 2.jpg
Operation Diadem 2.jpg (232.78 KiB) Viewed 1663 times

I did not use it as the template (I found another highly detailed map for that purpose) but it is very useful for listing the units actually in Operation Diadem. For that reason, I am leaving out the British X Corps (which included the friendly Italians, NZ and SA troops that you mentioned, Colonel, so there is no reason for them now) in that even though X Corps is on the map, it was too far north along the Gustav Line to be part of the action that I am showing.

So here is the selected OOB for Operation Diadem; it may seem a bit one-sided in favor of the Allies, but bunkers and foxholes can do wonders for evening up the odds! :)

ALLIED

British XIII Corps
Lieutenant-General Sidney C. Kirkman
British 4th Infantry Division (Major-General Dudley Ward)
British 6th Armoured Division (Major-General Vyvyan Evelegh)
8th Indian Infantry Division (Major-General Dudley Russell)
British 78th Infantry Division (Major-General Charles Keightley)
1st Canadian Armoured Brigade (Brigadier W. C. Murphy)

I Canadian Corps
Lieutenant-General E. L. M. Burns
1st Canadian Infantry Division (Major-General Chris Vokes)
5th Canadian Armoured Division (Major-General Bert Hoffmeister)
British 25th Army Tank Brigade (Brigadier J.N. Tetley)

Polish II Corps
Lieutenant-General Wladyslaw Anders
Polish 3rd Carpathian Rifle Division (Major-General Boleslaw Bronislaw Duch)
Polish 5th Kresowa Infantry Division (Major-General Nikodem Sulik)
Polish 2nd Armoured Brigade (Brigadier-General Bronislaw Rakowski)

Corps Expéditionnaire Français (French Expeditionary Corps) (on the Winter Line)
Général d'armée (General) Alphonse Juin
3ème Division d'Infanterie Algérienne (3rd Algerian Infantry Division) (Général de division (Major-General) Joseph de Goislard de Monsabert)
4ème Division Marocaine de Montagne (4th Moroccan Mountain Division) (Général de division (Major-General) François Sevez)
2ème Division d'Infanterie Marocaine (2nd Moroccan Infantry Division) (Général de division(Major-General) André W. Dody)
1ère Division Française Libre/1ère Division Motorisée d'Infanterie (1st Motorised Infantry Division) (Général de division (Major-General) Diego Brosset)
Commandement des Goums Marocains (Command of Moroccan Goumiers - Three Groups of Tabors each comprising three tabors of 500 to 800 men) (Général de brigade Augustin Guillaume)
Corps Troops
7ème et 8ème Régiments de Chasseurs d'Afrique (7th and 8th African Light Cavalry Regiment)
Régiment d'Artillerie Coloniale du Levant (Levant Colonial Artillery Regiment)
64ème Régiment d'Artillerie d'Afrique (64th African Artillery Regiment)
Groupe de canonniers-marins (Navy Artillery Battalion - two batteries)

U.S. II Corps (on the Winter Line)
Major-General Geoffrey Keyes
U.S. 88th Infantry Division (Major General John E. Sloan
U.S. 85th Infantry Division (Major General John B. Coulter)
1st U.S. Armored Group (three tank battalions)

GERMAN

Tenth Army (on the Winter Line)
Commander: General Heinrich von Vietinghoff

XIV Panzer Corps
Lieutenant-General Frido von Senger und Etterlin
15th Panzergrenadier Division (Major-General Rudolf Sperl)
71st Infantry Division (Major-General Wilhelm Raapke)
94th Infantry Division (Major-General Bernhard Steinmetz)

LI Mountain Corps
Lieutenant-General Valentin Feurstein
1st Parachute Division (Lieutenant-General Richard Heidrich)
5th Mountain Division (Major-General Max-Günther Schrank)
44th Infantry Division (Major-General Bruno Ortner)
114th Jäger Division (Major-General Hans Boelsen)

Army Group Reserve
1st Paratroop Panzer Division (Brigadier-General Wilhelm Schmalz)
26th Panzer Division (Lieutenant-General Smilo Freiherr von Lüttwitz)
29th Panzergrenadier Division (Lieutenant-General Walter Fries)
90th Panzergrenadier Division (Major-General Ernst-Günther Baade)
- Bru
bru888
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Re: Free France Campaign

Post by bru888 »

ColonelY wrote: Sun Mar 28, 2021 5:07 pm About Operation Diadem scenario: 8)

:idea: This Operation must probably be mentioned somewhere: Operation Strangle! ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation ... ld_War_II) )

More info here (it's rather complete - but fortunately there is a summary at the beginning) : https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/p ... 6/R851.pdf

*******

From here one could certainly use few pictures for good and immersive events: :D

https://expressdigest.com/images-show-t ... e-cassino/
Yes, I will deal with Operation Strangle and the destruction of Cassino by air bombardment with popup event messages.
- Bru
ColonelY
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Re: Free France Campaign

Post by ColonelY »

bru888 wrote: Sun Mar 28, 2021 5:15 pm [...] and the destruction of Cassino by air bombardment with popup event messages.
Indeed, it's worth being mentioned: "American bombers destroyed the famous abbey of Mt Cassino on February 15. The Allied commander was convinced that the ancient monastery was a German observation post. Ironically, German troops occupied the ruins after the air raid." :shock: Then, these ruins even helped the German to put quite a strong stand there up... :roll:
ColonelY
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Re: Free France Campaign

Post by ColonelY »

With, of course, a word about the first three battles as well as the landing at Anzio... but all this is already planned, for sure. 8)
ColonelY
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Re: Free France Campaign

Post by ColonelY »

Some selected passages translated from https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bataille_de_Monte_Cassino

About the first battle and the contribution of the French forces (that should interest us for this campaign!):

For its part, although the CEF [= Corps Expéditionnaire Français] was unable to seize Mount Santa Croce and Carella due to a lack of reserves, it did achieve numerous successes on particularly difficult, steep terrain: the capture of La Selva, Costa San Pietro (1,450 meters above sea level), Acquafondata and Monna Casale (whose twin peaks rise to 1,220 and 1,225 meters) often constituted as many sporting and military feats. In two months, the 2nd DIM and then the 3rd Algerian Infantry Division (3rd DIA), supported by two groups of Moroccan Tabors (GTM), achieved significant results: an advance of more than 15 kilometers in some places in mountainous country, the capture of 1,200 prisoners, and the disabling of an entire German division. During the January 1944 offensive, the North African riflemen were the only ones to seriously threaten the Gustav Line, even succeeding in breaking it at Belvedere during the incredible assault of the 4th Tunisian Rifle Regiment (4th RTT). Later, in his memoirs, General de Gaulle wrote that during this battle, "the 4th Tunisian Rifle Regiment accomplished one of the most brilliant feats of arms of the war at the cost of enormous losses. " But these operations on the northeastern flank of Cassino were not the priority of the Anglo-American staff, which persisted in wanting to break the lock of Mount Cassino with a frontal attack.


About the aerial attack on the monastery:

Two hundred and twenty-four aircraft dropped 420 tons of bombs that razed the monastery to the ground: the Allies thought that German observers were on the roofs, which was not true. The destruction of the monastery allowed the Germans to turn it into a real fortress.

About the second battle:

Bad weather neutralized the movements for three weeks. From 14 to 22 March, the battle resumed. New Zealand General Freyberg attacked southwards along both banks of the Rapido, after intensive bombardment. The Allies wanted to seize the town of Cassino, but after six days of fighting, the New Zealand corps was forced to withdraw. The situation became bogged down and German propaganda had a field day: a poster on the walls of occupied Europe compared the advance of the Allied armies in Italy to that of a snail.
uzbek2012
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Re: Free France Campaign

Post by uzbek2012 »

bru888 wrote: Sun Mar 28, 2021 3:14 pm
Mascarenhas wrote: Sun Mar 28, 2021 12:31 pm Is not this a perfect setting for the Brazilian Expeditionary Force show up?
ColonelY wrote: Sun Mar 28, 2021 1:04 pm I had never heard of this Brazilian Expeditionary Force - thank you for introducing me to this aspect.

Represent this force? Well, I would say not in this scenario because they start arriving in Italy in July 1944 while this battle takes place in May 1944... (Besides we've already plenty of various nations involved. :wink: )

These Brazilians were involved at the Gothic Line, so later in the Italian campaign and more northwards... :)
Good suggestion, Masca, but I am afraid that they arrive too late, as the Colonel says (Wikipedia has them coming to Italy even later, in September 1944).

Plus, their flag wouldn't make the "squint factor" (that imaginary line, not to be crossed, where squinting one's eyes and pretending overcomes something unrealistic). There simply is no flag in the game that comes close to the Brazilian flag:


Flag_of_Brazil.jpg


Too bad, though. I would LOVE to find a spot for the Brazilian Expeditionary Force insignia! (I wonder what's in that pipe he's smoking.)


Brazilian_Expeditionary_Forces_insignia_(smoking_snake).svg.png
Image
Yes, the snake smokes a pipe , and all because they said rather the snake will smoke than the Brazilians will fight but then they changed their mind ) From that such a symbol )
Image
The Brazilian Air Force also took part in the battles in Tada.
During the war, the P-47D was received by two Latin American countries-Brazil (88 units). Brazilian Thunderbolts as part of the 1st YAG fought in November 1944 in Italy.
https://foto-history.livejournal.com/9240734.html
https://en.topwar.ru/141135-kuryaschie- ... tlera.html

P.s.
also do not forget about the Mexicans :arrow:
http://geohyst.ru/node/4328
https://picturehistory.livejournal.com/4260665.html
ColonelY
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Re: Free France Campaign

Post by ColonelY »

ColonelY wrote: Sun Mar 28, 2021 5:36 pm Some selected passages translated from https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bataille_de_Monte_Cassino

About the first battle and the contribution of the French forces (that should interest us for this campaign!):

For its part, although the CEF [= Corps Expéditionnaire Français] was unable to seize Mount Santa Croce and Carella due to a lack of reserves, it did achieve numerous successes on particularly difficult, steep terrain: the capture of La Selva, Costa San Pietro (1,450 meters above sea level), Acquafondata and Monna Casale (whose twin peaks rise to 1,220 and 1,225 meters) often constituted as many sporting and military feats. In two months, the 2nd DIM and then the 3rd Algerian Infantry Division (3rd DIA), supported by two groups of Moroccan Tabors (GTM), achieved significant results: an advance of more than 15 kilometers in some places in mountainous country, the capture of 1,200 prisoners, and the disabling of an entire German division. During the January 1944 offensive, the North African riflemen were the only ones to seriously threaten the Gustav Line, even succeeding in breaking it at Belvedere during the incredible assault of the 4th Tunisian Rifle Regiment (4th RTT). Later, in his memoirs, General de Gaulle wrote that during this battle, "the 4th Tunisian Rifle Regiment accomplished one of the most brilliant feats of arms of the war at the cost of enormous losses. " But these operations on the northeastern flank of Cassino were not the priority of the Anglo-American staff, which persisted in wanting to break the lock of Mount Cassino with a frontal attack.
[...]
We can complete this with some chosen passages from the English "equivalent" Webpage:

Simultaneously the French Expeditionary Corps (CEF), under General Alphonse Juin would continue its "right hook" [again some boxing term - they do seem to like this kind of strategy... if we remember the awesome Mareth Line scenario] move towards Monte Cairo, the hinge to the Gustav and Hitler defensive lines. In truth, Clark did not believe there was much chance of an early breakthrough, but he felt that the attacks would draw German reserves away from the Rome area in time for the attack on Anzio (codenamed Operation Shingle) [...] Forward units of the 3rd Algerian Infantry Division had also by-passed Monte Cifalco to capture Monte Belvedere and Colle Abate. General Juin was convinced that Cassino could be bypassed and the German defences unhinged by this northerly route but his request for reserves to maintain the momentum of his advance was refused and the one available reserve regiment (from 36th Division) was sent to reinforce 34th Division [...]

:arrow: This French breakthrough could have been exploited for good, but the reinforcements that the French requested were refused... :evil:

What is interesting, in any case, is that the French did (very) well in mountain battles in the first battle of Monte Cassino... as well as in the last one, the one that will be shown in this next scenario. :D
ColonelY
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Re: Free France Campaign

Post by ColonelY »

ColonelY wrote: Tue Mar 24, 2020 7:59 am [...] “L’apport capital de la France dans la victoire des alliés”, written by Dominique Lormier (April 2011)
(So, as title something like: “France's capital contribution to the victory of the allies”…)

Alas, this book (made by historians!) is only available in French right now… :evil:

[...] In Italy, the supreme commander of the German forces, General Ringel wrote, after the war: "(...) the man whom even the German command recognized as its most dangerous adversary in Italy: General Juin with his Frenchmen." (p.291)

[...]
:arrow: If it has to be mentioned (and I would say yes of course), then it will be now... in this scenario, or at the latest right after in campaign event... 8)
bru888
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Re: Free France Campaign

Post by bru888 »

ColonelY wrote: Sun Mar 28, 2021 5:36 pmThe situation became bogged down and German propaganda had a field day: a poster on the walls of occupied Europe compared the advance of the Allied armies in Italy to that of a snail.
speaking_of_time-tables.png
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- Bru
ColonelY
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Re: Free France Campaign

Post by ColonelY »

:lol: Excellent! 8)
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Re: Free France Campaign

Post by bru888 »

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- Bru
ColonelY
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Re: Free France Campaign

Post by ColonelY »

Ruins of the abbey: https://cdn.britannica.com/74/205674-05 ... y-1944.jpg

"Monks searching the rubble of the abbey at Monte Cassino in Cassino, Italy, 1944. The ruined statue in the foreground is of St. Benedict of Nursia, founder of the Benedictine Order. Benedict established the monastery in 529, and since that time the abbey has been destroyed by warfare or earthquake at least four times. In February 1944 hundreds of Italian civilians were sheltering in the monastery when it was leveled by Allied bombers and artillery fire. Allied commanders had mistakenly believed that the Germans were using the abbey as a fortified observation post, and their error was a massive propaganda victory for the Nazis. Ironically, while German troops had not been a regular presence within the monastery while it stood, they were quick to occupy its ruins, which afforded excellent cover and lines of sight. It would take the Allies two months to dislodge the Germans from the superb defensive positions that they had unwittingly created." (source : https://www.britannica.com/topic/World- ... es-2147312 )

Some more information about the history of this abbey. :arrow: Above all: the aerial bombardment was also completed by artillery work, there were civilians inside... and the Nazi propaganda exploited the case (that was predictable). :?
ColonelY
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Re: Free France Campaign

Post by ColonelY »

"The Real Vesuvius" event... a cool wink to the Corsican scenario. 8)


Do you plan an update of the campaign before Operation Diadem is ready?

There is Dakar (a slight adaptation of one objective descr + perhaps dealing with railway bridges) and few news related to Corsica... I would like to test the last version of the scenario on Corsica. :P :wink:
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Re: Free France Campaign

Post by ColonelY »

bru888 wrote: Sun Mar 28, 2021 5:11 pm [...] So here is the selected OOB for Operation Diadem; it may seem a bit one-sided in favor of the Allies, but bunkers and foxholes can do wonders for evening up the odds! :) [...]
:D Of course, but not all divisions had always exactly the same number of regiments, battalions, etc. (so, if necessary, a few more units in the German divisions should not be too shocking). Moreover, a strong (German) heavy infantry unit well entrenched here and there on the battlefield... that's also something! :wink:
bru888
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Re: Free France Campaign

Post by bru888 »

ColonelY wrote: Sun Mar 28, 2021 9:47 pm Do you plan an update of the campaign before Operation Diadem is ready?

There is Dakar (a slight adaptation of one objective descr + perhaps dealing with railway bridges) and few news related to Corsica... I would like to test the last version of the scenario on Corsica. :P :wink:
Yes, it's up there now. I sneaked all that stuff into version 0.32. Well, let's say all the stuff that I am going to include.
- Bru
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Re: Free France Campaign

Post by bru888 »

ColonelY wrote: Sun Mar 28, 2021 9:58 pm
bru888 wrote: Sun Mar 28, 2021 5:11 pm [...] So here is the selected OOB for Operation Diadem; it may seem a bit one-sided in favor of the Allies, but bunkers and foxholes can do wonders for evening up the odds! :) [...]
:D Of course, but not all divisions had always exactly the same number of regiments, battalions, etc. (so, if necessary, a few more units in the German divisions should not be too shocking). Moreover, a strong (German) heavy infantry unit well entrenched here and there on the battlefield... that's also something! :wink:
As always, I will try to follow the actual orders of battle as much as I can. This is a moderately-sized map, so I think battalion-level will be appropriate for Operation Diadem.
- Bru
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Re: Free France Campaign

Post by Mascarenhas »

Thanks, mate, things are really tough here, nowdays.

About Brazilians in Italy, we had ground ( an Infantry Division) and air forces present, a fighter-bomber group (Thunderbolts); operating from June/44 to March 1945, comprising part of the 5th Army, under gen. Mark Clark. It´s first combat mission was the taking of Massrosa city, at Arno river valley, on Sep. 16th. Btw, my alias ( Mascarenhas) is a homage to gen. Mascarenhas de Moraes, the Brazilian commander in the field.
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Re: Free France Campaign

Post by Mascarenhas »

I am well aware that it was a tiny contribution but, alas, Brazil is the only Latin American country who sent forces to fight nazi-fascism in Europe. So there´s also some Brazilian blood shed for this feat.
uzbek2012
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Re: Free France Campaign

Post by uzbek2012 »

Mascarenhas wrote: Mon Mar 29, 2021 12:34 am I am well aware that it was a tiny contribution but, alas, Brazil is the only Latin American country who sent forces to fight nazi-fascism in Europe. So there´s also some Brazilian blood she for this feat.
Image
The Axis countries are highlighted in blue

https://aif.ru/society/history/voevali_ ... oy_mirovoy
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