rbodleyscott wrote:Not sure whether there is evidence for so many spearmen.
Depends on what/who the list is covering.
Turkoman started as a , somewhat derogatory, term for the poor, mostly turkic, tribesmen who expanded into areas depopulated by the wars. They were mostly herdsmen with flocks of sheep and goats but some practiced arable farming and others were assimilated locals who hadn't moved out. As time passed, many served as auxiliary troops, fighting for money, loot or glory. Tribal chieftans got richer and more powerful, they then consolidated their power and started tribal states (still calling themselves turkoman but now with some pride. Sizeable armies could be raised by charismatic (or rich) leaders.
Some armies were entirely, or largely mounted, others (including some in the first crusade) were mostly infantry with javelins as the prime weapons.
The archetypal turkoman warrior was a lightly armoured horse archer, with bow, sword and often a light lance. Leaders and wealthy individuals had better kit and tended to acquire armour, though they would still fight within the tribal group. Some leaders would have enough well equipped family, friends, guards etc (even small units of ghilman) to form bases of heavier cavalry. There is no direct evidence of the heavies forming distinct BGs. (though Nik read through most of the Arab sources recently, and will, i hope, comment)
So a variable list with a lot of 'low end' troops sounds fine. Infantry would have some in the traditional 1 rank spear, 1 rand sword, 1 rank bow organisation, but others more akin to "mob of hillmen" formations.
Armies could be surprisingly large for the period, but were not well disciplined.
Tom..