Roman Legion and Warbands

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ValentinianVictor
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Post by ValentinianVictor »

nikgaukroger wrote:
ValentinianVictor wrote:I think another problem is that people tend to presume that all 'barbarian' infantry fought the same. This is not true, even at the same time period, the Franks and Allemanni appear to have fought the Romans a bit differently than the Goth's did,

In what way?
In the way that the Romans found the Goth's a much tougher proposition than the other barbarian armies at the time. For example, the Romans were far more successful against the Franks, Saxons and Allemanni than against the Goths at the same period, and it was the Goth's who caused the downfall of the West, starting with the defeat of a large field army at Adrianopolis which led directly to the permanent settlement by firstly the Goth's then the Franks etc within the Roman domain. Whilst this was initial as foedorati, this changed when those barbarian tribes setup their own states within the Empire. The Goth's do not appear to have been the 'wildly charging' type, more, they appear to have fought in a large, deep mass that applied steady pressure on their opponents. Ad Salices should have been a wake-up call for the Romans, who blissfully ignored its import (Apart from Richomeres and Victor, both who were more than aware of how difficult the Goth's were to defeat in open battle).

I do find it amusing that whilst many feel that the Sasanids were the most dangerous threat to the Empire, it was a bunch of hairy barbarians who did the most damage to it!!!
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Post by philqw78 »

ValentinianVictor wrote:I do find it amusing that whilst many feel that the Sasanids were the most dangerous threat to the Empire, it was a bunch of hairy barbarians who did the most damage to it!!!
I think social, economic, political and environmental factors caused much more damage to the Roman empire than a few unwashed Goths. The Goths just took advantage. Being a large Empire Sassanids would have been the biggest threat but under the same pressures itself in times of upheaval. For most of the time whilst it was possible to wage war between the 2 empires it, in effect, created a lasting peace, or at least status quo.

Only recently have wars become major deciding factors in the downfall of nations and that is because whole nations now go to war. But those wars are caused by factors other than I have a better gun than you. Though that may win them now as well.
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Post by nikgaukroger »

ValentinianVictor wrote:
nikgaukroger wrote:
ValentinianVictor wrote:I think another problem is that people tend to presume that all 'barbarian' infantry fought the same. This is not true, even at the same time period, the Franks and Allemanni appear to have fought the Romans a bit differently than the Goth's did,

In what way?
In the way that the Romans found the Goth's a much tougher proposition than the other barbarian armies at the time. For example, the Romans were far more successful against the Franks, Saxons and Allemanni than against the Goths at the same period, and it was the Goth's who caused the downfall of the West, starting with the defeat of a large field army at Adrianopolis which led directly to the permanent settlement by firstly the Goth's then the Franks etc within the Roman domain. Whilst this was initial as foedorati, this changed when those barbarian tribes setup their own states within the Empire. The Goth's do not appear to have been the 'wildly charging' type, more, they appear to have fought in a large, deep mass that applied steady pressure on their opponents. Ad Salices should have been a wake-up call for the Romans, who blissfully ignored its import (Apart from Richomeres and Victor, both who were more than aware of how difficult the Goth's were to defeat in open battle).
Is there really any material difference in the descriptions of how, say, the Alamanni fought and how the Goths fought, other tha the latter's fondness foe holing up in a wagon laager?

BTW I think you'll find Julian the Numpty allowed Franks to settle within the empire before the Goths were :)

I do find it amusing that whilst many feel that the Sasanids were the most dangerous threat to the Empire, it was a bunch of hairy barbarians who did the most damage to it!!!

I'd vote for the Romans being the biggest threat and who did the most damage. The Sasanids posed the single largest military threat outside the empire - you only have to look at the size of Roman armies deployed against them to see that.
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ValentinianVictor
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Post by ValentinianVictor »

philqw78 wrote:
ValentinianVictor wrote:I do find it amusing that whilst many feel that the Sasanids were the most dangerous threat to the Empire, it was a bunch of hairy barbarians who did the most damage to it!!!
I think social, economic, political and environmental factors caused much more damage to the Roman empire than a few unwashed Goths. The Goths just took advantage. Being a large Empire Sassanids would have been the biggest threat but under the same pressures itself in times of upheaval. For most of the time whilst it was possible to wage war between the 2 empires it, in effect, created a lasting peace, or at least status quo.

Only recently have wars become major deciding factors in the downfall of nations and that is because whole nations now go to war. But those wars are caused by factors other than I have a better gun than you. Though that may win them now as well.
So, the destruction of a field army (something the Sasanids failed to achieve during the 4th century), the permanent removal from the Empire of the recruiting grounds of Britain, Gaul, Spain and large parts of Africa, and the permanent removal of the Roman Emperor of the West was of no consequence? Social, Economic, Environmental and Polictical factors may have been the fuse, but the Goth's, Huns, Alans, Franks, Burgundians, Saxons, Vandals etc were the dynamite that finished off the West.
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Post by rbodleyscott »

ValentinianVictor wrote:
philqw78 wrote:
ValentinianVictor wrote:I do find it amusing that whilst many feel that the Sasanids were the most dangerous threat to the Empire, it was a bunch of hairy barbarians who did the most damage to it!!!
I think social, economic, political and environmental factors caused much more damage to the Roman empire than a few unwashed Goths. The Goths just took advantage. Being a large Empire Sassanids would have been the biggest threat but under the same pressures itself in times of upheaval. For most of the time whilst it was possible to wage war between the 2 empires it, in effect, created a lasting peace, or at least status quo.

Only recently have wars become major deciding factors in the downfall of nations and that is because whole nations now go to war. But those wars are caused by factors other than I have a better gun than you. Though that may win them now as well.
So, the destruction of a field army (something the Sasanids failed to achieve during the 4th century), the permanent removal from the Empire of the recruiting grounds of Britain, Gaul, Spain and large parts of Africa, and the permanent removal of the Roman Emperor of the West was of no consequence? Social, Economic, Environmental and Polictical factors may have been the fuse, but the Goth's, Huns, Alans, Franks, Burgundians, Saxons, Vandals etc were the dynamite that finished off the West.
Or the straw that broke the camel's back.

Or something in between these polarised viewpoints.
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Post by philqw78 »

rbodleyscott wrote:Or the straw that broke the camel's back.

Or something in between these polarised viewpoints.
Me polarised. Definately and utterly NO WAY! And I won't tolerate any disagreements on that fact!
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Post by ValentinianVictor »

"Or the straw that broke the camel's back.

Or something in between these polarised viewpoints."

Quite right Richard, thats why I read the following and took the view that whilst individually they did not give the reasaon, taken together they seemed to paint a much fuller picture-

Peter Heather (2006)- ‘The Fall of the Roman Empire: A New History’
Arthur Ferrill (1990)- ‘The Fall of the Roman Empire: The Military Explanation’
Michael Grant (2003)- ‘The Fall of the Roman Empire’
Bryan Ward-Perkins (2005)- ‘The Fall of Rome: And the End of Civilization’
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Post by philqw78 »

I watched the Film :)
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Post by nikgaukroger »

ValentinianVictor wrote: Peter Heather (2006)- ‘The Fall of the Roman Empire: A New History’
One has to admire the audacity of calling this "A New History" when it is nothing of the sort.

Arthur Ferrill (1990)- ‘The Fall of the Roman Empire: The Military Explanation’
Not a very good book really - is one of those who fell for the Huns are pedestrians idea.

Michael Grant (2003)- ‘The Fall of the Roman Empire’
Nicely written, no depth.

Bryan Ward-Perkins (2005)- ‘The Fall of Rome: And the End of Civilization’
Oft maligned, with some justification, but some good info on what the quality of life was after the end of the empire which is a useful reality check to the transformation school - and talking of which for balance you really need to include some transformation school reading in such a list.
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Post by Maniakes »

While you are doing book reviews Nik - what did you think of:-

The Fall of the West by Adrian Goldsworthy

I liked it a lot. He saw endemic civil wars as a big part of the problem and I thought he made a good case.
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Post by ValentinianVictor »

I've got the following to read if they count, plus a whole raft of papers, journal articles etc-

R Macmullen 'Corruption and the Decline of Rome'
Peter Heather 'Empires and Barbarians: Migration, Development and the Birth of Europe'
Adrian Goldsworthy 'The Fall Of The West: The Death Of The Roman Superpower: The Long, Slow Death of the Roman Superpower'
Averil Cameron 'The Mediterranean World in Late Antiquity, AD 395-600 (Routledge History of the Ancient World)'
Jean Hubert, et al 'Europe of the Invasions'
Stephen Mitchell 'A History of the Later Roman Empire, AD 284 641: The Transformation of the Ancient World (Blackwell History of the Ancient World)
Herwig Wolfram 'The Roman Empire and Its Germanic Peoples'
A. D. Lee 'War in Late Antiquity: A Social History (Ancient World at War)'
Thomas S. Burns 'Barbarians Within the Gates of Rome: Study of Roman Military Policy and the Barbarians, Ca.375-425 AD: A Study of Roman Military Policy and the Barbarians, Ca.375-425 A.D.' [
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Post by Skanvak »

grahambriggs wrote:
Skanvak wrote:From wiki
Until the 4th century BC the massive Greek phalanx was the mode of battle. Roman soldiers would have thus looked much like Greek hoplites. Tactics were no different from those of the early Greeks and battles were joined on a plain. Spearmen would deploy themselves in tightly packed rows to form a shield wall with their spears pointing forwards. They charged the enemy supported by javelin throwers and slingers; the cavalry pursued the enemy, sometimes dismounting to support infantry in dire situations. The phalanx was a cumbersome military unit to manoeuvre and was easily defeated by mountain tribes such as the Volsci or Samnites in rough terrain.
It certainly seems the case that the Roman armies started out as hoplites and that the army developed through many iterations - often as a result of losses against different enemies. The Roman army of this period is, I believe, covered in the "Lost Scrolls" army list and are offensive spearmen. I'm not sure if the PC game covers that period.

HF Off Spear certainly aren't at their best in rough terrain and can be overrun by Gauls in the impact phase (Gauls are a POA up), although armoured off spear tend to hang on, recover and then slaughter the gauls which is not the best simulation - still the -2 for losing to hairies in V2 might sort that out.

I think if the interaction with warbands were the only issue then "offensive spear" Romans would be as a good a representation of the later interaction as having the Romans as Impact Foot. Unfortunately, other interactions (vs Pike, cataphracts) would be harmed by that.

One aspect of the early hoplite style of roman warfare that you do somewhat gloss over is that there is no evidence at that time (that I know of at least) that the Romans possessed a side arm that would be used in the melee to stab at the legs of an opponent. Instead they would surely have used the traditional hoplite approach of using the spear.
Just a precision : the stabbing from under the shield in melee is with the Gladius, so it refer to hastati/princeps and marianic legion. I guess like you that the phlanx type would fight like greek (even the triarii).

I agree with your analysis, but I am not sure that losing to the barbarian should involve a loss to the CT. I feel like it should be translated by a bonus to the POA if the and only if the CT is lost.

I'd like to thanks ValentinianVictor for its contributive participation.

I have question thought, according to what info I have found recently, the later legion seem to have fought like barbarian (round shield, long sword, so they would seem to qualify for being IF/SM). So late Imperial legion would not be pertinent for the discution if it is confirmed.

Nick, about the SSw for roman, the slack marianic legion, the princeps and Hastati are Sw and average like Gauls, only the marianic legionaires and Veteran are SSW. So the SSw seems to refer to superior training or experience, which does not seem to be pertinent as Gauls were quite good sword fighters.
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Post by ValentinianVictor »

I'd personally say that SSW probably should only kick in when the Romans are attacking rather than when they are bracing themselves for an attack.
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Post by dave_r »

SSw is a bit of a red herring because nobody uses it.

If you are Romans against Barbarians you are already a POA up and are Superior rather than Average. The Romans don't miss it and don't need it. In fact, for the amount of times it would kick in then it simply isn't taken. I have very rarely faced SSw and those times I have it has never made a difference to any POA's.

The additional -1 that the Romans would have to take for losing impact would make them a lot more scared if they lost. But, being Superior the chances are they won't. the same is true when OS face Knights or Cataphracts - the Superior + General counteracts the POA the Spearmen have and then they get chopped up in Melee because the Kn have half a POA.

So, why not think about something radical like, not allowing grading re-rolls in impact combat.

We could then get rid of the nonsense of making Superior BG's break when they reach 50%. I am going to post this somewhere else so it doesn't get lost.
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Post by ValentinianVictor »

"Is there really any material difference in the descriptions of how, say, the Alamanni fought and how the Goths fought, other tha the latter's fondness foe holing up in a wagon laager?

BTW I think you'll find Julian the Numpty allowed Franks to settle within the empire before the Goths were :) "

I do believe there was a difference in how they fought as the Goth's were far more successful in combat against the Roman field armies than the Allemanni and Franks were. I think your find that the Taifali Goth's may have been settled first, probably by Constantine (There was a Auxilia Palatina unit called the Taifali that was around in at least the 350's)

"I'd vote for the Romans being the biggest threat and who did the most damage. The Sasanids posed the single largest military threat outside the empire - you only have to look at the size of Roman armies deployed against them to see that."

There's probably a lot of truth in the statement that the Roman's themselves were their own worst enemies! Heather and others have noted the fact that whilst the Roman's perceived the Sasanids as the biggest threat, the Sasanids failed to make any significant gains during the 4/5th centuries, they failed to defeat any Roman field army during this period and they failed to capture any major cities. Remind me again of what Roman armies the Goths defeated and cities the Goth's captured and sacked, which part of the Empire they caused to collapse...!
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Post by nikgaukroger »

Maniakes wrote:While you are doing book reviews Nik - what did you think of:-

The Fall of the West by Adrian Goldsworthy

I liked it a lot. He saw endemic civil wars as a big part of the problem and I thought he made a good case.

I was disappointed in it, but then again I've read an awful lot on the period so it didn't tell me anything new. I would, however, recommend it as a period introduction as it is very well written.
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Post by Polkovnik »

dave_r wrote:SSw is a bit of a red herring because nobody uses it.
If you are Romans against Barbarians you are already a POA up and are Superior rather than Average. The Romans don't miss it and don't need it. In fact, for the amount of times it would kick in then it simply isn't taken.
Not sure what you mean here. Romans don't get any choice about taking Ssw or not. Superior legionaries have to be Ssw. 2 of the top ten most popular armies are Roman, so I am sure that a lot of people do use Superior Legionaries with Ssw.
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Post by nikgaukroger »

ValentinianVictor wrote:I've got the following to read if they count, plus a whole raft of papers, journal articles etc-

R Macmullen 'Corruption and the Decline of Rome'
Peter Heather 'Empires and Barbarians: Migration, Development and the Birth of Europe'
Adrian Goldsworthy 'The Fall Of The West: The Death Of The Roman Superpower: The Long, Slow Death of the Roman Superpower'
Averil Cameron 'The Mediterranean World in Late Antiquity, AD 395-600 (Routledge History of the Ancient World)'
Jean Hubert, et al 'Europe of the Invasions'
Stephen Mitchell 'A History of the Later Roman Empire, AD 284 641: The Transformation of the Ancient World (Blackwell History of the Ancient World)
Herwig Wolfram 'The Roman Empire and Its Germanic Peoples'
A. D. Lee 'War in Late Antiquity: A Social History (Ancient World at War)'
Thomas S. Burns 'Barbarians Within the Gates of Rome: Study of Roman Military Policy and the Barbarians, Ca.375-425 AD: A Study of Roman Military Policy and the Barbarians, Ca.375-425 A.D.' [

I'd heartily recommend Guy Halsall's "Barbarian Migrations and the Roman West, 376-568".
Nik Gaukroger

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Post by nikgaukroger »

Polkovnik wrote:
dave_r wrote:SSw is a bit of a red herring because nobody uses it.
If you are Romans against Barbarians you are already a POA up and are Superior rather than Average. The Romans don't miss it and don't need it. In fact, for the amount of times it would kick in then it simply isn't taken.
Not sure what you mean here. Romans don't get any choice about taking Ssw or not. Superior legionaries have to be Ssw. 2 of the top ten most popular armies are Roman, so I am sure that a lot of people do use Superior Legionaries with Ssw.

I suspect he may mean that the SSw rarely get the benefit of the SSw - or that he's back in DaveWorld.
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Post by timmy1 »

Nik

That is cutting...
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