Slitherine

In GS 2, the USSR's exclusion from offense penalties in the winter is a huge advantage. In many of the games I've played, I've seen very successful German East Front advances suddenly and completely crumble in the winter. While you could argue this is realistic for 1941, it seems to me these offense penalties should be lessened in later years, as troops became more accustomed to fighting in cold weather and vehicles were better designed to cope with it. Applying the same static penalties throughout the entire course of the war seems unrealistic.
An excellent answer presents itself from the other fine game in the Commander series: Napoleon at War. In CNAW, weather tolerance is actually one of the Warfare technology fields. This could be implemented as a General technology in CEAW GS, granting units increasing immunity to the effects of winter as the tech level advances. Finland, Norway, Sweden and the USSR would start out at a significantly advanced level relative to the other nations. Just like the initial German advantage in Organization, the Winterization Tech gap could be lessened as the war progresses if nations choose to invest in the technology.

As far as implementation goes, I'm guessing it would probably not be feasible to add a 4th tech specialty to the General field. An alternative would be to replace the seldom-favored Radar specialty and spread its bonuses among the other techs. Any thoughts?

I think the Axis winter penalties already are reduced from one winter to the next. As for ditching radar tech, I'd be careful about that. I'm one of those players who frequently prioritizes it (as the Allies) because it enhances navy unit capabilities.

No, I believe only the effectiveness penalty in severe winter hexes in the USSR is reduced in successive years. The penalties I'm to which I am referring are the halving of air attack and -1 and -2 to ground attack values for infantry and armor, respectively. These penalties are static throughout the game and apply to units in regular winter hexes anywhere, not just severe winter hexes in the USSR. Finnish and Soviet units are excepted.
This translates to a huge advantage for Soviet units every winter, with or without the effectiveness penalty.
I'd agree, there would be some disadvantages to removing the radar tech, but perhaps you could incorporate the naval bonuses into the surface ships tech, and the city/port/fortress bonuses into the artillery tech.

Another advantage of a separate Winterization tech would be the severe winter effectiveness penalty would more realistically lessen according to the nation's progress in the tech, rather than on a fixed schedule year-to-year. This allows for an interesting "What if" scenario, along the lines of how CEAW allows you to conduct Sea Lion, early Overlord, etc. "What if" the Axis prepared for sustained operations in the USSR, rather than assuming the Russians would be defeated prior to the onset of winter in 1941? Like everything else, these cold-weather preparations would come at the expense of research focus in other areas.

The Germans actually did get into problem every winter on the east front. Since the Germans start with so much better organization then it would be very hard for the Russians to get anywhere unless they had the winterization benefit. Usually the tide turns in the 1942/1943 winter. The Germans get so weakened during the winter so the Russians can pursue a bit even in the Summer. This is needed to break the German defenses there.

Remember also that the western Allies don't have winterization either. Winterization is not something you can research easily. It's actually part of growing up in such a country. E. g. the only winterized countries are Russia and the Scandinavian ones because people there are used to cold weather and lots of snow. It means the soldiers can ski to get forward. The equipment you build is designed to sustain the cold weather and so on.

Even today the NATO soldiers coming to Norway in large exercise operations perform worse than the local Norwegians. One reason is that they don't know how to ski properly. Another is that they're not familiar with the terrain, blizzards etc. This is something you have to grow up with to fully master. Of the NATO soldiers I think the Canadians do pretty well in our winter exercises, but the British and US soldiers exercising in Norway struggle a bit more.

The exception is the elite troops who have been specifically trained to perform under such conditions. Typical units are mountain units, commandos etc. We don't have such forces in GS v2.0.

If we added a tech for winterization then every Axis player would put focus in that and then you would see that winter won't be a problem anymore for them. The end result would be that the Russians will have problems getting the steamroller going and the Axis will win most of the games. Is that what we want?

One problem in GS is that the advantage the Germans have in tech is very hard for the Allies to catch, especially the organization tech. So Russia needs other means to be able to fight a more technically advanced opponent. Just look at the terrible odds the Russians face in 1943 attacking the German units defending. If the Luftwaffe is performing at max during the winter it means the Russian airforce will be depleted so fast that they can't support the attacks properly. Russia can only hope to attack hexes already being bombarded. If they don't they face odds like 2:7. With bombardment they can get the odds down to maybe 5:5 or something. That means they can inflict some damage.

Attacking with Russia is not easy until the end game. Making it even harder for them can disrupt the game balance and we need to do something else to simulate that the real Russians actually managed to launch a winter offensive every year.

Russian winter effects in german war machine were really devastating in 1941. You only have to see a few historical images as the ones attached in the post to verify how severe winter in USSR much affected the germans.

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• German half-truck attempts to haul a 150-mm howitzer

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• German column stalled in the snow

It is true (and Zhukov repeats it again and again in his memories) that winter effects also affected the russians but they did not have by far the same supply problems that the germans had.

IMO, CEAW reflects this well and particularly now that there´s some kind of transition between good weather and bad weather since there´s no fair weather chance in northern zone in november. This way you won´t see any more germans in full offensive mode in november caught by severe winter at the end of the turn what it was really a killer for the germans before. Historically the germans performed well in NORMAL winter weather: they could resume their Moscow offensive in the second half of november 1941 because vehicles could advance again over the frozen roads. Nevertheless, the soviet land units were more used to cold temperatures than germans and lessons learned during Winter war against Finland (where the soviet army was rather poorly equipped for the war in the winter) also helped a lot so this is a good reason for them to not have attack penalties during winter and severe winter in CEAW-GS.

Not so sure about air units so it could really be a matter of discussion if the normal winter effects in air units in CEAW-GS should be maintained as it is now with the russians air units having an important advantage in air warfare during winter weather during the rest of the game. This is so because it is said that Luftwaffe played a crucial role for stopping russian winter 1941-42 counteroffensive and providing some supply to german units stalled in the snow. Since the germans by that date still had air superiority over the soviets, the Luftwaffe was able to make many missions in winter weather when the skies were not cloudy. So it seems that the germans did operate in normal winter weather with their air force. The fact is that in CEAW-GS when winter arrives in Eastern front you have to put on sentry mode all your german air units because the russian air units are not affected by winter weather and if the russian fighters have a high tech level they are really devastating.

Another question that also could be discussed is that severe winter means very low visibility because of the continued snowstorms, so strictly speaking not even Red Air force should be able to operate at full strength as actually she does during severe winter.

Anyway, as Borger has pointed, because of game balance reasons it is better to keep the things as they are now. I agree that even with this advantages in air warfare is hard for the soviets to advance to Berlin because of the german land units high tech level. We would need to have much more info and stats to see if the winter effects in air warfare on Eastern front should be revised.

leridano wrote:Not so sure about air units so it could really be a matter of discussion if the normal winter effects in air units in CEAW-GS should be maintained as it is now with the russians air units having an important advantage in air warfare during winter weather during the rest of the game.

BTW, the Soviet(or all winterized units?) land spotting range for air units is still the same in winter weather as in normal weather. Just like it was in GS 1.0x. Despite what the manual's chart states(=halved and rounded up). It would be useful to change the manual to reflect the what is the actuality to make sure newer Soviet players know to exploit this. No?

The GS has IMHO good system of penalsing non-winterized troops during winter(the decreasing severe winter EFF penaltay as the years go by & negative attack mod). Kudos for that. But the above is the most concerning detail regards units' performance during winter for me. Did the Soviet air recce really out perform the German one this greatly historically?

iA

_Augustus_ wrote: BTW, the Soviet(or all winterized units?) land spotting range for air units is still the same in winter weather as in normal weather. Just like it was in GS 1.0x. Despite what the manual's chart states(=halved and rounded up). It would be useful to change the manual to reflect the what is the actuality to make sure newer Soviet players know to exploit this. No?

The GS has IMHO good system of penalsing non-winterized troops during winter(the decreasing severe winter EFF penaltay as the years go by & negative attack mod). Kudos for that. But the above is the most concerning detail regards units' performance during winter for me. Did the Soviet air recce really out perform the German one this greatly historically?

iA

You are right there. And even soviet air units advantage in air combat and ground attack during winter weather could be justified in some way the same could´t be said regarding to spotting range. Because of the lower visibility in winter weather it makes no sense that the soviet air units have full spotting range both in fair weather and in winter weather. And, effectively, the manual includes a halved spotting range also for all the winterised countries that is not reflected in the game. This should be corrected for avoiding confussions.

If the latter about spotting is a bug then I can fix it.

in real history ,German did not know how severe the winter would be . but in the GS ,you know when it will come & hoe severe it will be . Axis player should deo well preparation

I checked general.txt and here are all the values:
GROUND_ATTACK_ARMOR_MUD_NORMAL 2 /* Ground armor attack reduction in mud weather */
GROUND_ATTACK_ARMOR_MUD_WINTERIZED 2 /* Ground armor attack reduction in mud weather for winterized units */
GROUND_ATTACK_WINTER_NORMAL 1 /* Ground attack reduction in winter weather */
GROUND_ATTACK_WINTER_WINTERIZED 0 /* Ground attack reduction in winter weather for winterized units */
GROUND_ATTACK_ARMOR_WINTER_NORMAL 2 /* Ground armor attack reduction in winter weather */
GROUND_ATTACK_ARMOR_WINTER_WINTERIZED 0 /* Ground armor attack reduction in winter weather for winterized units */
GROUND_ATTACK_SEVERE_NORMAL 1 /* Ground attack reduction in severe winter weather */
GROUND_ATTACK_SEVERE_WINTERIZED 0 /* Ground attack reduction in severe winter weather for winterized units */
GROUND_ATTACK_ARMOR_SEVERE_NORMAL 2 /* Ground armor attack reduction in severe winter weather */
GROUND_ATTACK_ARMOR_SEVERE_WINTERIZED 0 /* Ground armor attack reduction in severe winter weather for winterized units */
GROUND_DEFENSE_MUD_NORMAL 0 /* Ground defense reduction in mud weather */
GROUND_DEFENSE_MUD_WINTERIZED 0 /* Ground defense reduction in mud weather for winterized units */
GROUND_DEFENSE_ARMOR_MUD_NORMAL 0 /* Ground armor defense reduction in mud weather */
GROUND_DEFENSE_ARMOR_MUD_WINTERIZED 0 /* Ground armor defense reduction in mud weather for winterized units */
GROUND_DEFENSE_WINTER_NORMAL 0 /* Ground defense reduction in winter weather */
GROUND_DEFENSE_WINTER_WINTERIZED 0 /* Ground defense reduction in winter weather for winterized units */
GROUND_DEFENSE_ARMOR_WINTER_NORMAL 0 /* Ground armor defense reduction in winter weather */
GROUND_DEFENSE_ARMOR_WINTER_WINTERIZED 0 /* Ground armor defensedefense reduction in winter weather for winterized units */
GROUND_DEFENSE_SEVERE_NORMAL 0 /* Ground defense reduction in severe winter weather */
GROUND_DEFENSE_SEVERE_WINTERIZED 0 /* Ground defense reduction in severe winter weather for winterized units */
GROUND_DEFENSE_ARMOR_SEVERE_NORMAL 0 /* Ground armor defense reduction in severe winter weather */
GROUND_DEFENSE_ARMOR_SEVERE_WINTERIZED 0 /* Ground armor defense reduction in severe winter weather for winterized units */
AIR_COMBAT_MUD_NORMAL 50 /* Air combat efficiency percentage in mud weather */
AIR_COMBAT_MUD_WINTERIZED 50 /* Air combat efficiency percentage in mud weather for winterized units */
AIR_COMBAT_WINTER_NORMAL 50 /* Air combat efficiency percentage in winter weather */
AIR_COMBAT_WINTER_WINTERIZED 100 /* Air combat efficiency percentage in winter weather for winterized units */
AIR_COMBAT_SEVERE_NORMAL 50 /* Air combat efficiency percentage in severe winter weather */
AIR_COMBAT_SEVERE_WINTERIZED 100 /* Air combat efficiency percentage in severe winter weather for winterized units */
LAND_SPOTTING_MUD_NORMAL 50 /* Land spotting efficiency percentage in mud weather */
LAND_SPOTTING_MUD_WINTERIZED 50 /* Land spotting efficiency percentage in mud weather for winterized units */
LAND_SPOTTING_WINTER_NORMAL 50 /* Land spotting efficiency percentage in winter weather */
LAND_SPOTTING_WINTER_WINTERIZED 100 /* Land spotting efficiency percentage in winter weather for winterized units */
LAND_SPOTTING_SEVERE_NORMAL 50 /* Land spotting efficiency percentage in severe winter weather */
LAND_SPOTTING_SEVERE_WINTERIZED 100 /* Land spotting efficiency percentage in severe winter weather for winterized units */
NAVAL_COMBAT_MUD_NORMAL 50 /* Naval combat efficiency percentage in mud weather for air/CV units */
NAVAL_COMBAT_MUD_WINTERIZED 50 /* Naval combat efficiency percentage in mud weather for winterized air/CV units */
NAVAL_COMBAT_WINTER_NORMAL 50 /* Naval combat efficiency percentage in winter weather for air/CV units */
NAVAL_COMBAT_WINTER_WINTERIZED 100 /* Naval combat efficiency percentage in winter weather for winterized air/CV units */
NAVAL_COMBAT_SEVERE_NORMAL 50 /* Naval combat efficiency percentage in severe winter weather for air/CV units */
NAVAL_COMBAT_SEVERE_WINTERIZED 100 /* Naval combat efficiency percentage in severe winter weather for winterized air/CV units */
SEA_SPOTTING_MUD_NORMAL 50 /* Sea spotting efficiency percentage in mud weather */
SEA_SPOTTING_MUD_WINTERIZED 50 /* Sea spotting efficiency percentage in mud weather for winterized units */
SEA_SPOTTING_WINTER_NORMAL 50 /* Sea spotting efficiency percentage in winter weather */
SEA_SPOTTING_WINTER_WINTERIZED 50 /* Sea spotting efficiency percentage in winter weather for winterized units */
SEA_SPOTTING_SEVERE_NORMAL 50 /* Sea spotting efficiency percentage in severe winter weather */
SEA_SPOTTING_SEVERE_WINTERIZED 50 /* Sea spotting efficiency percentage in severe winter weather for winterized units */
SHOCK_ATTACK_MUD_NORMAL 50 /* Shock attack efficiency percentage in mud weather */
SHOCK_ATTACK_MUD_WINTERIZED 50 /* Shock attack efficiency percentage in mud weather for winterized units */
SHOCK_ATTACK_WINTER_NORMAL 50 /* Shock attack efficiency percentage in winter weather */
SHOCK_ATTACK_WINTER_WINTERIZED 100 /* Shock attack efficiency percentage in winter weather for winterized units */
SHOCK_ATTACK_SEVERE_NORMAL 50 /* Shock attack efficiency percentage in severe winter weather */
SHOCK_ATTACK_SEVERE_WINTERIZED 100 /* Shock attack efficiency percentage in severe winter weather for winterized units */
STRATEGIC_ATTACK_MUD_NORMAL 50 /* Strategic attack efficiency percentage in mud weather */
STRATEGIC_ATTACK_MUD_WINTERIZED 50 /* Strategic attack efficiency percentage in mud weather for winterized units */
STRATEGIC_ATTACK_WINTER_NORMAL 50 /* Strategic attack efficiency percentage in winter weather */
STRATEGIC_ATTACK_WINTER_WINTERIZED 100 /* Strategic attack efficiency percentage in winter weather for winterized units */
STRATEGIC_ATTACK_SEVERE_NORMAL 50 /* Strategic attack efficiency percentage in severe winter weather */
STRATEGIC_ATTACK_SEVERE_WINTERIZED 100 /* Strategic attack efficiency percentage in severe winter weather for winterized units */

It's easy here to set the land spotting to 50% even for winterized.

One thing that could be done is to set the attack values to 75% instead of 50% for normal during winter (but not severe winter). This means the western Allies and Axis units perform slightly better during normal winter. E. g. the air units will have higher factors.

Then winterized units will have 100% during both winter and severe winter (they performed better during normal winter as well), but only 50% during mud.

Normal units will have 50% during mud and severe winter and 75% during regular winter. Ground attack for armor during winter can be reduced by 1 instead of 2, but still be reduced by 2 during severe winter. Winterized units will perform normally.

But this can affect game balance quite a bit.

By doing this we will have the following:
Mud: Bad for all unit types and sides
Winter: Slightly bad for non winterized units. Normal for winterized units
Severe winter: Bad for not winterized units. Normal for winterized units (except spotting).

One reason I think it's good to let the winterized units have normal firepower during winter and severe winter is that these units were skilled in using their equipment in the snow and had comparably better firepower than the non winterized units.

During mud all sides struggled. E. g. the Russians also had problems with the rasputitsa and couldn't drive their armor, trucks etc. normally. So the lower firepower is due to artillery etc. not being able to move fast enough to actually help in the battles. If the towed artillery is stuck in a mudpit it can't shoot at the enemy.

Actually the only not logical situation is that winterized air units perform normally. One could argue that if the weather was winter then the air units would have problems locating the targets. During mud the weather was constant rain and thus poor visibility. During winter the weather could actually be sunny, but the cold temperature made problems for some air units (not the winterized ones). So one can argue that these air units perform better during winter. Severe winter is not necessarily blizzard all the time, but more deep snow combined with freezing temperatures (-30C and colder). The Russian units managed to still operate in that temperature while the German units couldn't. E. g. in the severe winter in 1941 the oil in the German tanks froze so they couldn't move at all while the Russian T34's still were driveable.

Reducing the land spotting range even for winterized units will help because then the Russian air units have to be very close to the front line to see behind the front line. So rear units have less risk of being bombarded.

I think it could help a bit if units perform at 75% strength during winter (but not severe winter) in order to "allow" the winterized units to operate at 100% during winter. This way the difference is only 25% and not a huge 50%. The downside for the Germans is that the western Allies can the more easily do damage during the winter, but so can the Germans once they're out of Russia. That's consistent with operations like the Battle of the Bulge.

So I propose the following and want you to tell me what you think:
1. Reduce land spotting for winterized units to 50% in winter and severe winter (down from 100%)
2. Reduce all attack values for normal units during winter to 75% (instead of 50%) during winter, but not severe winter. Armor attack reduced by 1 instead of 2 during winter, but not severe winter.
3. Keep attack values at 100% for winterized units both in winter and severe winter.

Stauffenberg wrote: So I propose the following and want you to tell me what you think:
1. Reduce land spotting for winterized units to 50% in winter and severe winter (down from 100%)
2. Reduce all attack values for normal units during winter to 75% (instead of 50%) during winter, but not severe winter. Armor attack reduced by 1 instead of 2 during winter, but not severe winter.
3. Keep attack values at 100% for winterized units both in winter and severe winter.

I'd personally be happy with attack values as is and spotting range reduced for both sides or not-reduced for either side. Or at least the difference gettin a note in the manual if there is a historical reason for it. But I guess that was apparent from my previous post.

iA //one positive is that only changing the spotting range would not cause any big game balance issues, too.

_Augustus_ wrote:

Stauffenberg wrote: So I propose the following and want you to tell me what you think:
1. Reduce land spotting for winterized units to 50% in winter and severe winter (down from 100%)
2. Reduce all attack values for normal units during winter to 75% (instead of 50%) during winter, but not severe winter. Armor attack reduced by 1 instead of 2 during winter, but not severe winter.
3. Keep attack values at 100% for winterized units both in winter and severe winter.

I'd personally be happy with attack values as is and spotting range reduced for both sides or not-reduced for either side. Or at least the difference gettin a note in the manual if there is a historical reason for it. But I guess that was apparent from my previous post.

iA //one positive is that only changing the spotting range would not cause any big game balance issues, too.

As you've seen we can easily change the values in general.txt if needed. I can change the spotting range for GS v2.01 that will be delivered to the beta testers soon (and all of you in August).

To reduce land spotting for winterized units to 50% in winter and severe winter is IMO a needed change for many reasons . I see no arguments for defending such a "privilege". It seems that sea spotting for winterized units is effectively halved so this is one more reason to change this (it makes no sense that a winterized air unit has more land spotting range than sea spotting range with the same weather).

Normal winter combat factor increased to 75% for all non winterized countries sounds like an interesting change. And, effectively, this both can help the germans in the east so the germans can simulate better e.g. the german approach to Moscow in winter but it also can help to western allies in winter 1944-45 since their overwhelming air power by then won´t be that much halved in winter weather. It is true that in Central Europe there are more chances of mud turns than winter turns but at a first sight I see no balance issues. One of the most interesting things of this change would be that the soviets wouldn´t be excessively confident about the winter weather in 1941 as they are now. I have seen players starting to advance their soviet units in the very first normal winter turn of november 1941 knowing that the germans will be halved.

If we finally vote for 2. we should keep the attack values for winterized units at 100% both in winter and severe winter so I also vote for 3. Winterized countries performed better in winter weather and this specially helps the russians to progress better in late game (e.g soviet tactical units stationed in air bases in Eastern Poland can have no penalties from summer 1944 till the end of the game because of this reason).

Anyway, I agree that the less risky change would be 1.

I propose that some of you try out the changes in general.txt and try e. g. the 1943 scenario hotseat and tell us the findings. The change to the land spotting during winter will be altered for GS v2.01 because it was a bug it wasn't updated similar to the sea spotting reduction.

The values you need to change are:
GROUND_ATTACK_ARMOR_WINTER_NORMAL 1 /* Ground armor attack reduction in winter weather */
AIR_COMBAT_WINTER_NORMAL 75 /* Air combat efficiency percentage in winter weather */
LAND_SPOTTING_WINTER_WINTERIZED 50 /* Land spotting efficiency percentage in winter weather for winterized units */
LAND_SPOTTING_SEVERE_WINTERIZED 50 /* Land spotting efficiency percentage in severe winter weather for winterized units */
NAVAL_COMBAT_WINTER_NORMAL 75 /* Naval combat efficiency percentage in winter weather for air/CV units */
SHOCK_ATTACK_WINTER_NORMAL 75 /* Shock attack efficiency percentage in winter weather */
STRATEGIC_ATTACK_WINTER_NORMAL 75 /* Strategic attack efficiency percentage in winter weather */

Please send me a tell with your email address if you need me to send you a changed general.txt. Please remember to backup the original general.txt if you want to try this out.

The discussion has definitely moved beyond my original suggestion of a Winterization tech. I agree with a lot of the points here and applaud the universal spotting range reduction and 75% air attack in normal winter--I think those are needed changes.

I need to make a clarification, however. What I originally suggested was not as heavy-handed as Stauffenberg envisioned in his first reply. A Winterization tech would be expensive and slow, similar to Organization, such that any decision to specialize would have to be weighed very carefully against the opportunity cost in the other General techs. The effects would be subtle, such that maxing out General labs and specializing in Winterization would still only partially alleviate some of the ill effects of the winter of 1941 and following years. Cold weather nations like the USSR and Finland would start significantly advanced along the tech progression, so that it would be difficult to impossible to catch up, similar to the German head start in Organization. Cold weather nations would also retain certain advantages that could never be replicated with technology. This change to the game would also result in realistic implications for the Western Front--you would likely see American troops "behind the power curve" relative to the Germans. The interesting things about a Winterization tech would be the decisions associated with how much emphasis to put on winter fighting preparations relative to other pressing needs, as well as simulating improvements in dealing with cold weather as the war progressed.

In any case, I'm glad to see my post sparked a lively discussion and some proposed changes. I always felt the 50% air attack penalty was too harsh and can't see any justification for cold weather nations' air units to have full spotting range in winter.

We haven't decided yet to change the winter fighting strength. We need data from testing before making a decision. The land spotting will be reduced, though, because it was meant to be reduced.

So I suggest people test with the altered values to check the game balance.

I know, that's why I said "proposed changes." I'm just glad the post sparked a discussion and some further examination of the winter fighting balance.



[Edit: Added to ensure the intended friendly tone is conveyed ]

Just tested the changes in a hotseat 1943 scenario and this is what I´ve checked:

- german fighter units in normal winter have 6 air combat (reduced from 8) with the increase to 75 in this scenario. This means that if the soviets have by that time also 6 air combat instead of 8 (as it is in 1943 hotseat scenario) they have some problems to progress because the german fighters can offer an effective opposition. This also means that if the soviets haven´t invested properly in air labs they won´t have air superiority over the germans in normal winter as before.
- allied strategic bombers are overwhelming in bombing Germany with the increase to 75. This means they can easily significantly reduce german PP´s both in summer and winter weather.
- the same for allied tactical units bombing german units in winter weather

So my suggestion about this would be to change from 75 to 60 the values suggested of non winterized air units in normal winter:

GROUND_ATTACK_ARMOR_WINTER_NORMAL 1 /* Ground armor attack reduction in winter weather */ --> no changes here
AIR_COMBAT_WINTER_NORMAL 60 /* Air combat efficiency percentage in winter weather */ --> decrease from 75 to 60
LAND_SPOTTING_WINTER_WINTERIZED 50 /* Land spotting efficiency percentage in winter weather for winterized units */ --> no changes here
LAND_SPOTTING_SEVERE_WINTERIZED 50 /* Land spotting efficiency percentage in severe winter weather for winterized units */ --> no changes here
NAVAL_COMBAT_WINTER_NORMAL 75 /* Naval combat efficiency percentage in winter weather for air/CV units */ --> no changes here
SHOCK_ATTACK_WINTER_NORMAL 60 /* Shock attack efficiency percentage in winter weather */ --> decrease from 75 to 60
STRATEGIC_ATTACK_WINTER_NORMAL 60 /* Strategic attack efficiency percentage in winter weather */ --> decrease from 75 to 60


Decreasing the values for air units of all non winterized units from 75 to 60 gave me much more reasonable results for the same hotseat 1943 scenario. German fighters in Eastern front have 5 air combat (reduced from 8) so the soviets, with this, effectively have at least a slight air superiority in normal winter over the germans (6:5). On the other hand, with 60 value, the german fighers in normal winter don´t have their air combat halved as before (4:8) when the soviets reach 8 air combat and they can remotely offer some kind of opposition/escorting in winter. This also means that if the germans reach the maximum figher tech level with 9 air combat they will be still having 5 air combat in normal winter like before: so if the soviets also reachs the maximum fighter tech level by late game the Red Air Force will continue to have the same siginificant air superiority in air combat as before (9:5) in 1944-45. Also, reducing to 60, strategic allied bombers are less destroying than with the 75 value.

So IMO, 60 seems to be the value we are searching for air units of non winterized units.

No changes needed in the rest of values suggested: german armoured historically perfomed reasonably well in normal winter weather (Moscow 1941, Bulge 1944, Budapest 1945, etc) and the same could be said of american tanks in western front in winter 1944. On the other hand, no reasons for keeping naval combat factor in 50 as before so 75 is good for normal winter.