How mixed were the KMT forces equipped in terms of heavy weapons
Posted: Tue Jul 15, 2025 10:21 am
I'm not covering infantry weapons here, since those would be extremely complicated due to how improvised and hand-crafted weaponry can work in terms of small firearms, and that PzC2 does not differentiate those that much like tanks or artillery pieces.
Hopefully this would help when the developing team building the Chinese campaign requests stuffs from the model and art team. With the expected date of start in 1937 from Marco Polo Bridge Incident at July 7th, this campaign could have the potential to introduce another large bunch of old and outdated equipment like we have seen in SCW.
Alright, now here comes the list of how the artillery looks like in 1937:
There were no more than 500 artillery pieces with a caliber above 75mm across the whole Central Army, with 4 Artillery Brigades, each of them including 2 Artillery Regiments, 6 Independent Artillery Regiments, 3 Independent Mountain Gun Battalion, 3 Independent Field Gun Battalion, 1 Independent Infantry Artillery Regiment.
1st Artillery Brigade: 1st Artillery Regiment and 5th Artillery Regiment, each armed with 24 Bofors 75mm Mountain Gun
2nd Artillery Brigade: 2nd Artillery Regiment and 3rd Artillery Regiment, each armed with 24 Bofors 75mm Mountain Gun
6th Artillery Brigade: 7th Artillery Regiment and 12th Artillery Regiment, each armed with 24 Krupp 7.5cm M1903 Field Gun. The 7th Regiment was replaced by the 17th Regiment in April, which was armed with 24 Liao Type 14 15cm Howitzer, a copy of the Japanese Type 38 15cm Howizter, manufactured in Shenyang, Liaoning Province, in the lost Manchuria
8th Artillery Brigade: 15th Artillery Regiment and 16th Artillery Regiment, each armed with 24 Liao Type 14 77mm Field Gun, a copy of Austro-Hungarian 8cm FK M18 by Bohler
4th Artillery Regiment and 6th Artillery Regiment were armed with 36 Japanese Type 38 75mm Field Gun.
8th Artillery Regiment were armed with 16 Liao Type 14 15cm Howitzer.
9th Artillery Regiment were armed with 28 Schneider 75mm Mountain Gun. The source I found stated it as "1 Heavy Mountain Gun Battalion and 2 Light Mountain Gun Battalion", so it is possible that the M1897 in the link is not the correct one actually used.
10th Artillery Regiment was armed with 24 of the most powerful gun by that time in Chinese arsenal, the Solothurn 15cm/32 Howitzer, a special order-made variant of the Rheinmetal 15cm sFH 18. Henschel Type 33 G1 was imported together to serve as the gun tractor.
For the Chinese forces at that time, the precious artillery units had to be used concentrated under Corps or Army level, not under divisional command like western armed forces. Division artillery were usually filled up by light to medium mortars, the best being one mountain gun battalion or heavy mortar battalion.
Reinforcement of the independent artillery units could only be accounted for very heavy duty and "direct-lined" (commander of the unit was in very close relationship with Chiang Kai-shek himself) units. Former warlord units or the communist 18th Army units did not have the priviledge to request those guns for support or expect them to be backing their soldiers up when they got smashed by enemy shells on the frontline.
After the start of the war, one final supply of German artillery arrived before it was totally cut.
11th and 13th Artillery Regiment were armed with the 10.5cm leFH 18 field howitzer, with 16 pieces for the 11th and 24 for the 13th.
14th Artillery Regiment was armed with the last order of the 15cm sFH 18, number varies from 20 to 24, and it was no longer the order-made L32 variant, but the standard one.
These four German heavy gun regiments all have mechanised tractors instead of the normal horse travel, due the weight of the gun.
As for anti-tank guns, at this time the German 3.7cm PaK 35/36 was the only available option, with a few anti-tank companies and battalions concentrated to the 4th and 88th Division and the Armour Regiment.
For anti-air, there was also a large variaty of gears:
Swiss 2cm Solothurn ST-5 (Rheinmetal 2cm FlaK 30)
Dennish Madsen 20mm cannon
Italian Breda 20/65 mod.35
Oelikon 20mm,
3.7cm FlaK 18
Light AA guns were usually deployed in company or battalion level, and pushed into anti-tank duty in emergency. They did well in that role against the Type 89 and Type 97 Medium Tanks.
For heavy guns, there were a few Bofors 75mm M1929, 75mm Vickers M1931 and the not-so-famous 8.8cm SK C/30, the last one being the model of Japanese Type 99 8cm AA gun when they captured a few examples in 1938. Do note that the SK C/30 was used as fortress battery, not for field duty, and the same applies to the Type 99 which is already in game.
Heavy AA guns were mostly deployed as air defense for critical targets like Nanjing and Chongqing, partially due to the availability and partially due to the lack of tractors for fast deployment.
By 1938, Soviet supplies started to arrive, with 37mm M1930 anti-tank gun, 45mm M1932 anti-tank gun, 37mm M1939 anti-aircraft gun, 76mm M1931 anti-aircraft gun, 76.2mm M1909 Mountain Gun, 76.2mm M1902/30 field gun and the 115mm howitzer to fill in the loss of guns of similar caliber. This support stopped when the USSR came under attack itself in Operation Barbarossa, June 1941.
In Burma, the Chinese Expeditionary Force in India (X Force) received standard American equipment from 1943 with 37mm and 57mm anti-tank guns, 75mm mountain guns and 105mm howitzers, however, the battle in Burma lasted into early 1945, so these equipment didn't see much, if any, actions in the mainland before the war ended.
Hopefully this would help when the developing team building the Chinese campaign requests stuffs from the model and art team. With the expected date of start in 1937 from Marco Polo Bridge Incident at July 7th, this campaign could have the potential to introduce another large bunch of old and outdated equipment like we have seen in SCW.
Alright, now here comes the list of how the artillery looks like in 1937:
There were no more than 500 artillery pieces with a caliber above 75mm across the whole Central Army, with 4 Artillery Brigades, each of them including 2 Artillery Regiments, 6 Independent Artillery Regiments, 3 Independent Mountain Gun Battalion, 3 Independent Field Gun Battalion, 1 Independent Infantry Artillery Regiment.
1st Artillery Brigade: 1st Artillery Regiment and 5th Artillery Regiment, each armed with 24 Bofors 75mm Mountain Gun
2nd Artillery Brigade: 2nd Artillery Regiment and 3rd Artillery Regiment, each armed with 24 Bofors 75mm Mountain Gun
6th Artillery Brigade: 7th Artillery Regiment and 12th Artillery Regiment, each armed with 24 Krupp 7.5cm M1903 Field Gun. The 7th Regiment was replaced by the 17th Regiment in April, which was armed with 24 Liao Type 14 15cm Howitzer, a copy of the Japanese Type 38 15cm Howizter, manufactured in Shenyang, Liaoning Province, in the lost Manchuria
8th Artillery Brigade: 15th Artillery Regiment and 16th Artillery Regiment, each armed with 24 Liao Type 14 77mm Field Gun, a copy of Austro-Hungarian 8cm FK M18 by Bohler
4th Artillery Regiment and 6th Artillery Regiment were armed with 36 Japanese Type 38 75mm Field Gun.
8th Artillery Regiment were armed with 16 Liao Type 14 15cm Howitzer.
9th Artillery Regiment were armed with 28 Schneider 75mm Mountain Gun. The source I found stated it as "1 Heavy Mountain Gun Battalion and 2 Light Mountain Gun Battalion", so it is possible that the M1897 in the link is not the correct one actually used.
10th Artillery Regiment was armed with 24 of the most powerful gun by that time in Chinese arsenal, the Solothurn 15cm/32 Howitzer, a special order-made variant of the Rheinmetal 15cm sFH 18. Henschel Type 33 G1 was imported together to serve as the gun tractor.
For the Chinese forces at that time, the precious artillery units had to be used concentrated under Corps or Army level, not under divisional command like western armed forces. Division artillery were usually filled up by light to medium mortars, the best being one mountain gun battalion or heavy mortar battalion.
Reinforcement of the independent artillery units could only be accounted for very heavy duty and "direct-lined" (commander of the unit was in very close relationship with Chiang Kai-shek himself) units. Former warlord units or the communist 18th Army units did not have the priviledge to request those guns for support or expect them to be backing their soldiers up when they got smashed by enemy shells on the frontline.
After the start of the war, one final supply of German artillery arrived before it was totally cut.
11th and 13th Artillery Regiment were armed with the 10.5cm leFH 18 field howitzer, with 16 pieces for the 11th and 24 for the 13th.
14th Artillery Regiment was armed with the last order of the 15cm sFH 18, number varies from 20 to 24, and it was no longer the order-made L32 variant, but the standard one.
These four German heavy gun regiments all have mechanised tractors instead of the normal horse travel, due the weight of the gun.
As for anti-tank guns, at this time the German 3.7cm PaK 35/36 was the only available option, with a few anti-tank companies and battalions concentrated to the 4th and 88th Division and the Armour Regiment.
For anti-air, there was also a large variaty of gears:
Swiss 2cm Solothurn ST-5 (Rheinmetal 2cm FlaK 30)
Dennish Madsen 20mm cannon
Italian Breda 20/65 mod.35
Oelikon 20mm,
3.7cm FlaK 18
Light AA guns were usually deployed in company or battalion level, and pushed into anti-tank duty in emergency. They did well in that role against the Type 89 and Type 97 Medium Tanks.
For heavy guns, there were a few Bofors 75mm M1929, 75mm Vickers M1931 and the not-so-famous 8.8cm SK C/30, the last one being the model of Japanese Type 99 8cm AA gun when they captured a few examples in 1938. Do note that the SK C/30 was used as fortress battery, not for field duty, and the same applies to the Type 99 which is already in game.
Heavy AA guns were mostly deployed as air defense for critical targets like Nanjing and Chongqing, partially due to the availability and partially due to the lack of tractors for fast deployment.
By 1938, Soviet supplies started to arrive, with 37mm M1930 anti-tank gun, 45mm M1932 anti-tank gun, 37mm M1939 anti-aircraft gun, 76mm M1931 anti-aircraft gun, 76.2mm M1909 Mountain Gun, 76.2mm M1902/30 field gun and the 115mm howitzer to fill in the loss of guns of similar caliber. This support stopped when the USSR came under attack itself in Operation Barbarossa, June 1941.
In Burma, the Chinese Expeditionary Force in India (X Force) received standard American equipment from 1943 with 37mm and 57mm anti-tank guns, 75mm mountain guns and 105mm howitzers, however, the battle in Burma lasted into early 1945, so these equipment didn't see much, if any, actions in the mainland before the war ended.